Far field imaging by a planar lens: diffraction versus superresolution

Abstract

We resolve the long standing controversy regarding the imaging by a planar lens made of left-handed media and demonstrate theoretically that its far field image has a fundamentally different origin depending on the relationship between losses {inside} the lens and the wavelength of the light $λ$. At small enough $λ$ the image is always governed by diffraction theory, and the resolution is independent of the absorption if both Im$ε\ll 1$ and Im$μ\ll 1$. For any finite $λ$, however, a critical absorption exists below which the superresolution regime takes place, though this absorption is extremely low and can hardly be achieved. We demonstrate that the transition between diffraction limited and superresolution regimes is governed by {the} universal parameter combining absorption, wavelength, and lens thickness. Finally, we show that this parameter is related to the resonant excitation of the surface plasma waves.