SearcharxivSearch

arXiv · 0708.0428

Progress Toward a VLBA Movie of the Jet Collimation Region in M87

Abstract

With its high black hole mass, proximity, and bright jet, M87 provides the best prospect for a direct imaging study of the acceleration and collimation region of a jet. Previous VLBI observations have shown an edge brightened structure with a wide opening angle at small scales. An effort to measure component speeds in this region using existing VLBA data at 43 GHz gave tentative results of 0.25c to 0.4c but also indicated that faster sampling is needed. Here we provide a progress report on a project to make a properly sampled movie of motions in the inner jet using the VLBA at 43 GHz. A pilot project during 2006 measured speeds of about 0.6c and was used to set a frame interval of 3 weeks for the movie. The movie observations began in January 2007. Results from the pilot and from the first frame of the movie are presented. The goal of the project is to provide observations of the structure and dynamics of the jet on scales from under 100 to a few hundred Schwarzschild radii that can be compared with expectations from theoretical studies and numerical modeling.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

R. C. Walker, C. Ly, W. Junor, P. E. Hardee. 2007-08-02. Progress Toward a VLBA Movie of the Jet Collimation Region in M87. https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0428

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Some Properties of the Random Universe

What is the role of the constants of nature in physical theory? I hypothesize that the observable universe, u0, constitutes a Universal Turing Machine (UTM) constrained by algorithmically random logical tape parameters defining its material properties (a physical UTM). The finite non-zero empirical values of Planck's constant, h, and other constants of nature exemplify those logical parameters. Their algorithmic randomness is necessary and sufficient for the consistent operation of a physical UTM. At any given time, ti, these constants correspond to the first n random halt digits, Omega-n, of Chaitin's Halting Probability, Omega. Planck's equation E=hv and Boltzmann's relation S=kLogW are shown to apply to the operation of a physical UTM. The genomic evolution of u0 in constants of nature space (CON space) from an undecidable state in u0's Planck era to its current ordered condition occurs through the algorithmically random, symmetry-breaking addition of new constants to the laws by which u0 operates -- a process called logical tunneling. The temperature of u0 for t<=tp is shown to be T=0K. The energy dissipated when a physical UTM clears its memory after each computation is proposed as a candidate for cold dark matter (CDM) and is calculated to comprise 87.5% of the cosmological matter content, Omega-M, of u0. This result concurs with current astronomical estimates that 87.1% of the matter content of u0 consists of CDM. The energy incorporated in u0 through the process of logical tunneling from undecidable states of the complete Universe, E, to decidable states of u0 is suggested as a candidate for the unexplained "dark energy", Omega-X, hypothesized to drive the accelerating cosmological expansion of space and believed to constitute 66% of the critical mass, Omega-0, of the observable universe.

astro-ph

Radial distance on a stationary frame in a homogeneous and isotropic universe

This paper presents a physical distance to all radial events in a homogeneous and isotropic universe as a transform from Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) coordinates, the model that solves the Einstein Field equation for an ideal fluid. Any well behaved transform is also a solution. The problem is relating the coordinates of the transform to observables. In the present case the objective is to find T,R on a stationary frame that has the R be a physical observable for all distances. We do this by working backwards, assuming the form of the metric that we desire, with some undetermined coefficients. These coefficients are then related to the partial derivatives of the transform. The transformed coordinates T,R are found by the integration of partial differential equations in the FLRW variables. We show that dR has the same units as the radial differential of the FLRW metric, which makes it observable. We develop a criterion for how close the transformed T comes to an observable time. Close to the space origin at the present time, T also becomes physical, so that the stationary acceleration becomes Newtonian. We show that a galactic point on a R,T plot starts close to the space origin at the beginning, moves out to a physical distance and finite time where it can release light that will be seen at the origin at the present time. Lastly, because the observable R has a finite limit at a finite T for t = 0 where the galactic velocity approaches the light speed, we see that the universe filled with an ideal fluid as seen on clocks and rulers on the stationary frame has a finite extent like that of an expanding empty universe, beyond which are no galaxies and no space.

astro-ph

On a c(t)-Modified Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Universe

This paper presents a compelling argument for the physical light speed in the homogeneous and isotropic Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe to vary with the cosmic time coordinate t of FLRW. It will be variable when the radial co-moving differential coordinate of FLRW is interpreted as physical and therefor transformable by a Lorentz transform locally to differentials of stationary physical coordinates. Because the FLRW differential radial distance has a time varying coefficient a(t), in the limit of a zero radial distance the light speed c(t) becomes time varying, proportional to the square root of the derivative of a(t) Since we assume homogeneity of space, this derived c(t) is the physical light speed for all events in the FLRW universe. This impacts the interpretation of astronomical observations of distant phenomena that are sensitive to light speed. A transform from FLRW is shown to have a physical radius out to all radial events in the visible universe. This shows a finite horizon beyond which there are no galaxies and no space. The general relativity (GR) field equation to determine a(t) and c(t) is maintained by using a variable gravitational constant and rest mass that keeps constant the gravitational and particle rest energies. This keeps constant the proportionality constant between the GR tensors of the field equation and conserves the stress-energy tensor of the ideal fluid used in the FLRW GR field equation. In the same way all of special and general relativity can be extended to include a variable light speed.

astro-ph