arXiv2026
The decays $\bar{B}\rightarrow D^*τ^{-}\barν_τ$ provide sensitive probes of new physics in the $b\rightarrow cτν$ transition. We discuss the effects of new physics in the decay chain $\bar{B}\rightarrow D^*(\rightarrow Dπ)τ^{-}(\rightarrow V^-ν_τ)\barν_τ$ where $V$ is a vector meson. We first present a comprehensive analysis of the five-dimensional angular distribution for the full decay chain $\bar{B}\rightarrow D^*(\rightarrow Dπ)τ^{-}(\rightarrow ρ^-ν_τ)\barν_τ$, exploiting the hadronic $τ$ decay to $ρ^-ν_τ$ to circumvent the experimental challenge of direct $τ$ reconstruction. The differential decay rate is expressed in terms of measurable kinematic variables $θ^*$, $E_ρ$, $θ_ρ$, $χ_ρ$, and $q^2$ -- with complete coefficient functions provided for scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axialvector, and tensor new-physics interactions. From this distribution we construct a set of integrated observables, including the $D^*$ polarization fractions and lepton-side forward-backward and azimuthal asymmetries, which isolate distinct combinations of helicity amplitudes. We also show that by decomposing the vector-meson energy spectrum into its longitudinal ($L$) and transverse ($T$) helicity sectors, two additional analyzing powers ($α_L$ and $α_T$) related to the measurement of $τ$ polarization $P_τ^{D^*}(q^2)$ are obtained. Without information on the polarization of meson $V$, the spin analyzing power of $ρ$ is much larger than that of $a_1$ with $α_ρ=0.45$ and $α_{a_1}=0.02$. We further perform a numerical analysis using current experimental data on $R_{D^*}$ and the $D^*$ longitudinal polarization fraction $\langle F_L^{D^*}\rangle$ to constrain the complex new-physics couplings $g_L$, $g_R$, $g_P$, and $g_T$, revealing the correlations among them.