Complexity of Quantum States and Reversibility of Quantum Motion

Abstract

We present a quantitative analysis of the reversibility properties of classically chaotic quantum motion. We analyze the connection between reversibility and the rate at which a quantum state acquires a more and more complicated structure in its time evolution. This complexity is characterized by the number ${\cal M}(t)$ of harmonics of the (initially isotropic, i.e. ${\cal M}(0)=0$) Wigner function, which are generated during quantum evolution for the time $t$. We show that, in contrast to the classical exponential increase, this number can grow not faster than linearly and then relate this fact with the degree of reversibility of the quantum motion. To explore the reversibility we reverse the quantum evolution at some moment $T$ immediately after applying at this moment an instant perturbation governed by a strength parameter $ξ$. It follows that there exists a critical perturbation strength, $ξ_c\approx \sqrt{2}/{\cal M}(T)$, below which the initial state is well recovered, whereas reversibility disappears when $ξ\gtrsim ξ_c(T)$. In the classical limit the number of harmonics proliferates exponentially with time and the motion becomes practically irreversible. The above results are illustrated in the example of the kicked quartic oscillator model.