Effect of Central Mass Concentration on the Formation of Nuclear Spirals in Barred Galaxies

Abstract

We have performed smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to study the response of the central kiloparsec region of a gaseous disk to the imposition of nonaxisymmetric bar potentials. The model galaxies are composed of the three axisymmetric components (halo, disk, and bulge) and a non-axisymmetric bar. These components are assumed to be invariant in time in the frame corotating with the bar. The potential of spherical $γ$-models of Dehnen is adopted for the bulge component whose density varies as $r^{-γ}$ near the center and $r^{-4}$ at larger radiiand hence, possesses a central density core for $γ= 0$ and cusps for $γ> 0$. Since the central mass concentration of the model galaxies increases with the cusp parameter $γ$, we have examined here the effect of the central mass concentration by varying the cusp parameter $γ$ on the mechanism responsible for the formation of the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in barred galaxies. Our simulations show that the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals are formed by hydrodynamic spiral shocks driven by the gravitational torque of the bar for the models with $γ= 0$ and 0.5. On the other hand, the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in the models with $γ=1$ and 1.5 are explained by gas density waves. Thus, we conclude that the mechanism responsible for the formation of the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals in barred galaxies changes from the hydrodynamic shocks to the gas density waves when the central mass concentration increases from $γ= 0$ to 1.5.