Low-energy limits on heavy Majorana neutrino masses from the neutrinoless double-beta decay and non-unitary neutrino mixing

Abstract

In the type-I seesaw mechanism, both the light Majorana neutrinos (ν_1, ν_2, ν_3) and the heavy Majorana neutrinos (N_1, ..., N_n) can mediate the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay. We point out that the contribution of ν_i to this 0νββprocess is also dependent on the masses M_k and the mixing parameters R_{ek} of N_k as a direct consequence of the exact seesaw relation, and the effective mass term of ν_i is in most cases dominant over that of N_i. We obtain a new bound |\sum R^2_{ek} M_k| < 0.23 eV (or < 0.85 eV as a more conservative limit) at the 2σlevel, which is much stronger than |\sum R^2_{ek} M^{-1}_k| < 5 \times 10^{-8} GeV^{-1} used in some literature, from current experimental constraints on the 0νββdecay. Taking the minimal type-I seesaw scenario for example, we illustrate the possibility of determining or constraining two heavy Majorana neutrino masses by using more accurate low-energy data on lepton number violation and non-unitarity of neutrino mixing.