Soft modes and elasticity of nearly isostatic lattices: randomness and dissipation

Abstract

The square lattice with central-force springs on nearest-neighbor bonds is isostatic. It has a zero mode for each row and column, and it does not support shear. Using the Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA), we study how the random addition, with probability $\mathcal{P}=(z-4)/4$ ($z$ = average number of nearest neighbors), of springs on next-nearest-neighbor ($NNN$) bonds restores rigidity and affects phonon structure. We find that the CPA effective $NNN$ spring constant $\tildeκ_m(ω)$, equivalent to the complex shear modulus $G(ω)$, obeys the scaling relation, $\tildeκ_m(ω) = κ_m h(ω/ω^*)$, at small $\mathcal{P}$, where $κ_m = \tildeκ'_m(0)\sim \mathcal{P}^2$ and $ω^* \sim \mathcal{P}$, implying that elastic response is nonaffine at small $\mathcal{P}$ and that plane-wave states are ill-defined beyond the Ioffe-Regel limit at $ω\approx ω^*$. We identify a divergent length $l^* \sim \mathcal{P}^{-1}$, and we relate these results to jamming.