Swift BAT, Fermi LAT, and the Blazar Sequence

Abstract

Using public \fermi LAT and \swift BAT observations, we constructed the first sample of blazars selected at both hard X-rays and gamma-rays. Studying its spectral properties, we find a luminosity dependence of the spectral slopes at both energies. Specifically, luminous blazars, generally classified as FSRQs, have {\it hard} continua in the medium-hard X-ray range but {\it soft} continua in the LAT gamma-ray range (photon indices $Γ_X$ \ltsima 2 and $Γ_G$ \gtsima 2), while lower luminosity blazars, classified as BL Lacs, have opposite behavior, i.e., {\it soft} X-ray and {\it hard} gamma-ray continua ($Γ_X$ \gtsima 2.4 and $Γ_G < 2$). The trends are confirmed by detailed Monte Carlo simulations explicitly taking into account the observational biases of both instruments. Our results support the so-called ``blazar sequence'' which was originally based on radio samples of blazars and radio luminosities. We also argue that the X-ray-to-gamma-ray continua of blazars may provide independent insights into the physical conditions around the jet, complementing/superseding the ambiguities of the traditional classification based on optical properties.