BCS-BEC crossover in spin-orbit coupled two-dimensional Fermi gases

Abstract

The recent experimental realization of spin-orbit coupling for ultra-cold atoms has generated much interest in the physics of spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gases. Although recently the BCS-BEC crossover in three-dimensional (3D) spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases has been intensively studied, the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) crossover physics has remained unexplored. In this paper, we investigate, both numerically and analytically, the BCS-BEC crossover physics in 2D degenerate Fermi gases in the presence of a Rashba type of spin-orbit coupling. We derive the mean field gap and atom number equations suitable for the 2D spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases and solve them numerically and self-consistently, from which the dependence of the ground state properties (chemical potential, superfluid pairing gap, ground state energy per atom) on the system parameters (e.g., binding energy, spin-orbit coupling strength) is obtained. Furthermore, we derive analytic expressions for these ground state quantities, which agree well with our numerical results within a broad parameter region. Such analytic expressions also agree qualitatively with previous numerical results for the 3D spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases, where analytic results are lacked. We show that with an increasing SOC strength, the chemical potential is shifted by a constant determined by the SOC strength. The superfluid pairing gap is enhanced significantly in the BCS limit for strong SOC, but only increases slightly in the BEC limit.