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arXiv · 1107.2791

Numerical simulation of oscillatons: extracting the radiating tail

P. Grandclement·G. Fodor·P. Forgacs
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Abstract

Spherically symmetric, time-periodic oscillatons -- solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system (a massive scalar field coupled to gravity) with a spatially localized core -- are investigated by very precise numerical techniques based on spectral methods. In particular the amplitude of their standing-wave tail is determined. It is found that the amplitude of the oscillating tail is very small, but non-vanishing for the range of frequencies considered. It follows that exactly time-periodic oscillatons are not truly localized, and they can be pictured loosely as consisting of a well (exponentially) localized nonsingular core and an oscillating tail making the total mass infinite. Finite mass physical oscillatons with a well localized core -- solutions of the Cauchy-problem with suitable initial conditions -- are only approximately time-periodic. They are continuously losing their mass because the scalar field radiates to infinity. Their core and radiative tail is well approximated by that of time-periodic oscillatons. Moreover the mass loss rate of physical oscillatons is estimated from the numerical data and a semi-empirical formula is deduced. The numerical results are in agreement with those obtained analytically in the limit of small amplitude time-periodic oscillatons.

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P. Grandclement, G. Fodor, P. Forgacs. 2011-07-14. Numerical simulation of oscillatons: extracting the radiating tail. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.84.065037

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