Schwinger mechanism in QCD

Abstract

The generation of a momentum-dependent gluon mass proceeds through a sophisticated implementation, at the level of the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the gluon propagator, of the Schwinger mechanism, whose central dynamical ingredient is the nonperturbative formation of longitudinally coupled massless bound-state excitations. In addition to triggering the aforementioned mechanism, these excitations introduce poles in the various off-shell Green's functions of the theory, in such a way as to maintain the Slavnov-Taylor identities intact in the presence of massive gluon propagators, acting effectively as composite Nambu-Goldstone bosons. In this work we focus on the dynamics leading to the actual formation of such bound states. Specifically, we derive and solve numerically an approximate version of the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation governing the wave function of this special bound state. It is found that this integral equation admits physically meaningful non-trivial solutions, indicating that the QCD dynamics produce one of the crucial ingredients required for the gauge-invariant generation of a gluon mass.