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arXiv · 1208.1220

Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics

A. Bazavov·H. -T. Ding·P. Hegde·O. Kaczmarek·F. Karsch·E. Laermann·Swagato Mukherjee·P. Petreczky·C. Schmidt·D. Smith·W. Soeldner·M. Wagner
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Abstract

We present a determination of chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions based on ratios of cumulants of net electric charge fluctuations. These ratios can reliably be calculated in lattice QCD for a wide range of chemical potential values by using a next-to-leading order Taylor series expansion around the limit of vanishing baryon, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials. From a computation of up to fourth order cumulants and charge correlations we first determine the strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials that characterize freeze-out conditions in a heavy ion collision and confirm that in the temperature range 150 MeV < T < 170 MeV the hadron resonance gas model provides good approximations for these parameters that agree with QCD calculations on the (5-15)% level. We then show that a comparison of lattice QCD results for ratios of up to third order cumulants of electric charge fluctuations with experimental results allows to extract the freeze-out baryon chemical potential and the freeze-out temperature.

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A. Bazavov, H. -T. Ding, P. Hegde, O. Kaczmarek, F. Karsch, E. Laermann, Swagato Mukherjee, P. Petreczky, C. Schmidt, D. Smith, W. Soeldner, M. Wagner. 2012-08-06. Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.109.192302

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