Homogeneous division polynomials for Weierstrass elliptic curves

Abstract

Starting from the classical division polynomials we construct homogeneous polynomials $α_n$, $β_n$, $γ_n$ such that for $P = (x:y:z)$ on an elliptic curve in Weierstrass form over an arbitrary ring we have $nP = \bigl(α_n(P):β_n(P):γ_n(P)\bigr)$. To show that $α_n,β_n,γ_n$ indeed have this property we use the a priori existence of such polynomials, which we deduce from the Theorem of the Cube. We then use this result to show that the equations defining the modular curve $Y_1(n)_{\mathbb C}$ computed for example by Baaziz, in fact are equations of $Y_1(n)$ over $\mathbb Z[1/n]$.