Dynamics of One-dimensional Self-gravitating Systems Using Hermite-Legendre Polynomials

Abstract

The current paradigm for understanding galaxy formation in the universe depends on the existence of self-gravitating collisionless dark matter. Modeling such dark matter systems has been a major focus of astrophysicists, with much of that effort directed at computational techniques. Not surprisingly, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of these self-gravitating systems still eludes us, since it involves the collective nonlinear dynamics of many-particle systems interacting via long-range forces described by the Vlasov equation. As a step towards developing a clearer picture of collisionless self-gravitating relaxation, we analyze the linearized dynamics of isolated one-dimensional systems near thermal equilibrium by expanding their phase space distribution functions f(x,v) in terms of Hermite functions in the velocity variable, and Legendre functions involving the position variable. This approach produces a picture of phase-space evolution in terms of expansion coefficients, rather than spatial and velocity variables. We obtain equations of motion for the expansion coefficients for both test-particle distributions and self-gravitating linear perturbations of thermal equilibrium. N-body simulations of perturbed equilibria are performed and found to be in excellent agreement with the expansion coefficient approach over a time duration that depends on the size of the expansion series used.