Invariant curves for exact symplectic twist maps of the cylinder with Bryuno rotation numbers

Abstract

Since Moser's seminal work it is well known that the invariant curves of smooth nearly integrable twist maps of the cylinder with Diophantine rotation number are preserved under perturbation. In this paper we show that, in the analytic class, the result extends to Bryuno rotation numbers. First, we will show that the series expansion for the invariant curves in powers of the perturbation parameter can be formally defined, then we shall prove that the series converges absolutely in a neighbourhood of the origin. This will be achieved using multiscale analysis and renormalisation group techniques to express the coefficients of the series as sums of values which are represented graphically as tree diagrams and then exploit cancellations between terms contributing to the same perturbation order. As a byproduct we shall see that, when perturbing linear maps, the series expansion for an analytic invariant curve converges for all perturbations if and only if the corresponding rotation number satisfies the Bryuno condition.