Non-trivial $m$-quasi-Einstein metrics on simple Lie groups

Abstract

We call a metric $m$-quasi-Einstein if $Ric_X^m$, which replaces a gradient of a smooth function $f$ by a vector field $X$ in $m$-Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor, is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. It is a generalization of Einstein metrics which contains Ricci solitons. In this paper, we focus on left-invariant metrics on simple Lie groups. First, we prove that $X$ is a left-invariant Killing vector field if the metric on a compact simple Lie group is $m$-quasi-Einstein. Then we show that every compact simple Lie group admits non-trivial $m$-quasi-Einstein metrics except $SU(3)$, $E_8$ and $G_2$, and most of them admit infinitely many metrics. Naturally, the study on $m$-quasi-Einstein metrics can be extended to pseudo-Riemannian case. And we prove that every compact simple Lie group admits non-trivial $m$-quasi-Einstein Lorentzian metrics and most of them admit infinitely many metrics. Finally, we prove that some non-compact simple Lie groups admit infinitely many non-trivial $m$-quasi-Einstein Lorentzian metrics.