Hidden sector monopole, vector dark matter and dark radiation with Higgs portal

Abstract

We show that the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole model in the hidden sector with Higgs portal interaction makes a viable dark matter model, where monopole and massive vector dark matter (VDM) are stable due to topological conservation and the unbroken subgroup $U(1)_X$. We show that, even though observed CMB data requires the dark gauge coupling to be quite small, a right amount of VDM thermal relic can be obtained via $s$-channel resonant annihilation for the mass of VDM close to or smaller than the half of SM higgs mass, thanks to Higgs portal interaction. Monopole relic density turns out to be several orders of magnitude smaller than observed dark matter relic density. Direct detection experiments, particularly, the projected XENON1T experiment, may probe the parameter space where the dark Higgs is lighter than $\lesssim 60 {\rm GeV}$. In addition, the dark photon associated with unbroken $U(1)_X$ contributes to the radiation energy density at present, giving $ΔN_{\rm eff}^ν\sim 0.1$ as the extra relativistic neutrino species.