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arXiv · 1311.1584

Realizing three-dimensional artificial spin ice by stacking planar nanoarrays

Gia-Wei Chern·Charles Reichhardt·Cristiano Nisoli
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Abstract

Artificial spin ice is a frustrated magnetic two-dimensional nano-material, recently employed to study variety of tailor-designed unusual collective behaviours. Recently proposed extensions to three dimensions are based on self-assembly techniques and allow little control over geometry and disorder. We present a viable design for the realization of a three-dimensional artificial spin ice with the same level of precision and control allowed by lithographic nano-fabrication of the popular two-dimensional case. Our geometry is based on layering already available two-dimensional artificial spin ice and leads to an arrangement of ice-rule-frustrated units which is topologically equivalent to that of the tetrahedra in a pyrochlore lattice. Consequently, we show, it exhibits a genuine ice phase and its excitations are, as in natural spin ice materials, magnetic monopoles interacting via Coulomb law.

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Gia-Wei Chern, Charles Reichhardt, Cristiano Nisoli. 2013-12-20. Realizing three-dimensional artificial spin ice by stacking planar nanoarrays. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861118

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