SearcharxivSearch

arXiv · 1406.7395

A Guard Zone Based Scalable Mode Selection Scheme in D2D Underlaid Cellular Networks

Abstract

Underlaying the cellular networks, Device to Device (D2D) communication brings the possibility to significantly improve the spectral efficiency in cellular networks and offload the traffic relayed by the base station. However, it creates new challenge for interference management as well. In this paper, we consider the multi-cell D2D underlaid cellular network in which many D2D links reuse the uplink resource simultaneously. The infeasibility of interference cancellation/alignment motivates us to force the D2D users near the base stations to work in cellular mode. Based on that, we present a distributed and scalable mode selection scheme based on guard zone to make a good tradeoff between decreasing interference penalty to base stations and improving spectrum utilization. With the help of stochastic geometry, we develop an analytically tractable framework to analyze the interference and then throughput for the two kinds of users in the considered scenario. The results obtained by the framework reveal that enabling D2D communication does improve the per user throughput and that a proper guard zone can further significantly increase the average throughput of both kinds of users. Thanks to the tractability of our model, the optimal guard zone, which is the key parameter in our scheme, can be efficiently obtained by finding the root of the first order derivative of the throughput expression. Through extensive numerical analysis, we show insights of the system and give some guidelines in system design aspect.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Junhong Ye, Ying Jun Zhang. 2014-08-20. A Guard Zone Based Scalable Mode Selection Scheme in D2D Underlaid Cellular Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.7395

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Message-Level Scheduling for RLNC-Coded Multi-Source Traffic

This paper studies weighted decoding-delay minimization for multiple RLNC-coded message streams that compete for finite processing capacity at a destination. Packet arrivals are exogenous, while the scheduler only determines the processing order of packets already available at the destination. A trace-conditioned offline scheduling formulation shows that a batch-release subclass is strongly NP-hard even with a single processing unit. Message-Aware Innovation-Deficit Scheduling (MAIDS) is then developed to prioritize each serviceable message according to its weight and remaining decoding deficit. For a single processing unit, MAIDS is shown to be exactly optimal under nonblocking progressive arrivals with equal weights and under common activation with arbitrary positive weights, while the unrestricted weighted online problem admits no universal deterministic $O(1)$ competitive ratio. Simulation results on streaming and batch benchmarks show that MAIDS consistently reduces weighted decoding delay relative to the tested baselines, remains close to the offline optimum on average, and recovers the predicted exact performance boundaries.

cs.NI

The Towers Were Standing: A Cause Decomposition of Cellular Outages During Hurricane Helene

Hurricane Helene produced the largest absolute cell-site outage in the public FCC record, peaking at 4562 sites. The conventional model is physical: towers destroyed. Helene did destroy over 1700 miles of fibre, but almost none of it was cell sites. We present the first cause-decomposed study of the FCC's Disaster Information Reporting System, reconstructing 80 state-days and 580 county-days from 24 daily filings by two reconciled independent extractions. Damage to cell sites is negligible: 1.1% of attributed cell-site-days across six states, at most 3.8% anywhere. The sites were standing. What took them out divides by terrain: pooled, power dominates at 63.2%, but in mountainous North Carolina severed transport (backhaul) reaches 52.2% against 47.3%, and in Tennessee 69.9%. North Carolina's transport share rises from 7.0% to 85.0% across the event (\r{ho} = 0.92). Seventeen days after landfall, on 15 October, 47 sites lost transport across six contiguous North Carolina counties with no rainfall, no power loss, no damage, and recovery by the next report. Independent active-probe measurement corroborates it: responsive /24s fall 1.02% for twelve hours while Tennessee stays flat. We release the dataset. Backup power is the standard resilience investment; here it addresses the smaller half of the problem.

cs.NI

terms.txt: A Consent and Compensation Protocol for Agentic Web Access

The open web ran on an unwritten bargain: sites admitted crawlers, and search engines sent visitors back. Public measurements show that bargain breaking under AI crawlers and agents. Automated clients now make up most requests, training dominates Cloudflare-classified crawling, and the largest AI platforms fetch thousands of pages for each visitor they return. The web's common control, robots.txt, cannot express identity, purpose, terms, or price, can be circumvented, and newer alternatives are largely proprietary CDN features. We specify terms.txt, a robots.txt-style file for per-path, per-purpose machine-access terms, plus an origin-enforced exchange using Web Bot Auth signatures, signed intent, delegation tokens, HTTP 402 negotiation, and signed receipts. We define what the exchange can enforce, audit, and leave to contract. A dependency-free implementation adds 0.20 to 0.65 ms per request on one vCPU.

cs.NI