Higgs amplitude mode in the vicinity of a $(2+1)$-dimensional quantum critical point: a nonperturbative renormalization-group approach

Abstract

We study the "Higgs" amplitude mode in the relativistic quantum O($N$) model in two space dimensions. Using the nonperturbative renormalization group and the Blaizot--Méndez-Galain--Wschebor approximation (which we generalize to compute 4-point correlation functions), we compute the O($N$) invariant scalar susceptibility at zero temperature in the vicinity of the quantum critical point. In the ordered phase, we find a well-defined Higgs resonance for $N=2$ and $N=3$ and determine its universal properties. No resonance is found for $N\geq 4$. In the disordered phase, the spectral function exhibits a threshold behavior with no Higgs-like peak. We also show that for $N=2$ the Higgs mode manifests itself as a very broad peak in the longitudinal susceptibility in spite of the infrared divergence of the latter. We compare our findings with results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations and $ε=4-(d+1)$ expansion near $d=3$.