The improved isoperimetric inequality and the Wigner caustic of planar ovals

Abstract

The classical isoperimetric inequality in the Euclidean plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ states that for a simple closed curve $M$ of the length $L_{M}$, enclosing a region of the area $A_{M}$, one gets \begin{align*} L_{M}^2\geqslant 4πA_{M}. \end{align*} In this paper we present the improved isoperimetric inequality, which states that if $M$ is a closed regular simple convex curve, then \begin{align*} L_{M}^2\geqslant 4πA_{M}+8π\left|\widetilde{A}_{E_{\frac{1}{2}}(M)}\right|, \end{align*} where $\widetilde{A}_{E_{\frac{1}{2}}(M)}$ is an oriented area of the Wigner caustic of $M$, and the equality holds if and only if $M$ is a curve of constant width. Furthermore we also present a stability property of the improved isoperimetric inequality (near equality implies curve nearly of constant width). The Wigner caustic is an example of an affine $λ$-equidistant (for $\displaystyleλ=\frac{1}{2}$) and the improved isoperimetric inequality is a consequence of certain bounds of oriented areas of affine equidistants.