An extension of Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine

Abstract

In \cite{St3} H. Stetkær obtained the solutions of Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine $$f(xτ(y)z_0)-f(xyz_0) =2f(x)f(y),\; x,y\in G,$$ where $G$ is a semigroup, $τ$ is an involution of $G$ and $z_0$ is a fixed element in the center of $G$. The purpose of this paper is to determine the complex-valued solutions of the following extension of Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine $$μ(y)f(xτ(y)z_0)-f(xyz_0) =2f(x)f(y), \;x,y\in G,$$ where $μ$ : $G\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is a multiplicative function such that $μ(xτ(x))=1$ for all $x\in G$. Furthermore, we obtain the solutions of a variant of Van Vleck's functional equation for the sine $$μ(y)f(σ(y)xz_0)-f(xyz_0) = 2f(x)f(y), \;x,y\in G$$ on monoids, and where $σ$ is an automorphism involutive of $G$.