Random attractor of the 3D viscous primitive equations driven by fractional noises

Abstract

We develop a new and general method to prove the the existence of the random attractor (strong attractor) for the primitive equations (PEs) of large-scale ocean and atmosphere dynamics under $non$-$periodic$ boundary conditions and driven by infinite-dimensional additive fractional Wiener processes. In contrast to our new method, the common method, compact Sobolev embedding theorem, is to obtain the uniform $a$ $priori$ estimates in some Sobolev space whose regularity is high enough. But this is very complicated for the 3D stochastic PEs with the $non$-$periodic$ boundary conditions. Therefore, the existence of universal attractor ( weak attractor) was established in previous work. The main idea of our method is that we first derive that $\mathbb{P}$-almost surely the solution operator of stochastic PEs is compact. Then we construct a compact absorbing set by virtue of the compact property of the the solution operator and the existence of a absorbing set. We should point out that our method has some advantages over the common method of using compact Sobolev embedding theorem, i.e., if the random attractor in some Sobolev space do exist in view of the common method, our method would then further implies the existence of random attractor in this space. The present work provides a general way for proving the existence of random attractor for common classes of dissipative stochastic partial differential equations and improves the existing results concerning random attractor of stochastic PEs. In a forth coming paper, we use this new method to prove the existence of strong attractor for the stochastic moist primitive equations, improving the results, the existence of weak (universal) attractor of the deterministic model.