Zeros of random linear combinations of entire functions with complex Gaussian coefficients

Abstract

We study zero distribution of random linear combinations of the form $$P_n(z)=\sum_{j=0}^nη_jf_j(z),$$ in any Jordan region $Ω\subset \mathbb C$. The basis functions $f_j$ are entire functions that are real-valued on the real line, and $η_0,\dots,η_n$ are complex-valued iid Gaussian random variables. We derive an explicit intensity function for the number of zeros of $P_n$ in $Ω$ for each fixed $n$. Our main application is to polynomials orthogonal on the real line. Using the Christoffel-Darboux formula the intensity function takes a very simple shape. Moreover, we give the limiting value of the intensity function when the orthogonal polynomials are associated to Szegő weights.