An octahedral deformation with six alpha particles at the Z = 12 system, Mg nuclides: Third nucleons, Alpharons

Abstract

We suggest that the emergence of a large deformation in the magnesium, Mg, nuclides, especially at the Z = 12, N = 12, should be associated with an octahedral deformed shape. Within the framework of molecular geometrical symmetry, we find a possibility that the Z = 12, N = 12 system would form an octahedral structure consisting of six points of alpha(4He) particles, yielding the ground collectivity. With this point of view, we draw the following serial molecular structures; the Z = 10, N = 10, 20Ne, corresponds to a hexahedral, the Z = 8, N = 8, 16O, does to a tetrahedral, and the Z = 6, N = 6, 12C, does to a trigonal symmetry. Moreover, the Z = 2, N = 2, 4He(alpha), fits into a tetrahedral symmetry with four points of nucleons; two protons and two neutrons. The enhanced deformation at Z = 12 with N > 20 would be explained by a deformed shape related to an Ethene(Ethylene)-like skeleton with six alpha particles. The deformation at Z = 10, with N = 10 and 12, can be interpreted as being attributed to a hexahedral shape combined by five alpha particles as well. By noticing that the Z = 4, N = 4 system is unstable to the ground state under two-body system with two alpha particles, we conclude that alpha particles, rather than the eight-protons-neutrons nucleon, govern the 8Be stability. Accordingly, the alpha particle should be a third nucleon, like a proton or a neutron, in a nucleus. We name it the 'Alpharon'. With this picture, we are able to open a new gate toward understanding of nuclear many-body systems; nucleon-nucleon interaction, shell structures, nucleon-synthesis, and nuclear matters. We argue that nature favors three-body systems; three quarks for a nucleon, three nucleons for a nucleus.