Residual Non-Abelian Dark Matter and Dark Radiation

Abstract

We propose a novel particle physics model in which vector dark matter (VDM) and dark radiation (DR) originate from the same non-Abelian dark sector. We show an illustrating example where dark $SU(3)$ is spontaneously broken into $SU(2)$ subgroup by the nonzero vacuum expectation value of a complex scalar in fundamental representation of $SU(3)$. The massless gauge bosons associated with the residual unbroken $SU(2)$ constitute DR and help to relieve the tension in Hubble constant measurements between $\textit{Planck}$ and Hubble Space Telescope. In the meantime, massive dark gauge bosons associated with the broken generators are VDM candidates. Intrinsically, this non-Abelian VDM can interact with non-Abelian DR in the cosmic background, which results in a suppressed matter power spectrum and leads to a smaller $σ_8$ for structure formation.