Lasing Action with Gold Nanorod Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Rohith Chandrasekar; Zhuoxian Wang; Xiangeng Meng; Mikhail Y. Shalaginov; Alexei Lagutchev; Young L. Kim; Alexander Wei; Alexander V. Kildishev; Alexandra Boltasseva; Vladimir M. Shalaev

arXiv · 1609.05168

Lasing Action with Gold Nanorod Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Rohith Chandrasekar·Zhuoxian Wang·Xiangeng Meng·Mikhail Y. Shalaginov·Alexei Lagutchev·Young L. Kim·Alexander Wei·Alexander V. Kildishev·Alexandra Boltasseva·Vladimir M. Shalaev

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Coherent nanoscale photon sources are of paramount importance to achieving all-optical communication. Several nanolasers smaller than the diffraction limit have been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated using plasmonic cavities to confine optical fields. Such compact cavities exhibit large Purcell factors, thereby enhancing spontaneous emission, which feeds into the lasing mode. However, most plasmonic nanolasers reported so far have employed resonant nanostructures and therefore had the lasing restricted to the proximity of the resonance wavelength. Here, we report on an approach based on gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials for lasing. Hyperbolic metamaterials provide broadband Purcell enhancement due to large photonic density of optical states, while also supporting surface plasmon modes to deliver optical feedback for lasing due to nonlocal effects in nanorod media. We experimentally demonstrate the advantage of hyperbolic metamaterials in achieving lasing action by its comparison with that obtained in a metamaterial with elliptic dispersion. The conclusions from the experimental results are supported with numerical simulations comparing the Purcell factors and surface plasmon modes for the metamaterials with different dispersions. We show that although the metamaterials of both types support lasing, emission with hyperbolic samples is about twice as strong with 35% lower threshold vs. the elliptic ones. Hence, hyperbolic metamaterials can serve as a convenient platform of choice for nanoscale coherent photon sources in a broad wavelength range.

Explore related subjects

physics.optics

Keep this discovery

BibTeX RIS

Rohith Chandrasekar, Zhuoxian Wang, Xiangeng Meng, Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Alexei Lagutchev, Young L. Kim, Alexander Wei, Alexander V. Kildishev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev. 2016-09-16. Lasing Action with Gold Nanorod Hyperbolic Metamaterials. https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05168

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Two-step high-accuracy microwave frequency measurement and time-frequency analysis based on optical frequency combs

Broadband microwave frequency measurement and time-frequency analysis are crucial for applications such as electronic warfare. However, when it comes to ultra wideband signal analysis, traditional electronic methods have high analysis accuracy, but intrinsic electronic bottlenecks limit their real-time analysis. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a two-step microwave frequency measurement and time-frequency analysis method based on optical frequency combs. The system first performs coarse frequency localization over the 0-40 GHz range using stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-assisted frequency-to-time mapping (FTTM) and dual-comb channelized reception. The dual-comb is then reapplied for downconverting the signal under test, followed by digital signal processing to achieve high-accuracy unambiguous frequency extraction. Experimental results show that the system achieves mean single-tone frequency measurement errors of less than 10 kHz over 0-40 GHz. We further experimentally measure multi-tone, linearly frequency-modulated, and V-shaped frequency-modulated signals, demonstrating the proposed method's capability for analyzing complex signals.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

A Two-Mirror Faceted Projection System for EUV Lithography

We propose an all-reflective two-mirror projection system for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography operating at exposure wavelengths of $13.5$~nm (Mo/Si) and $11.2$~nm (Ru/Be), delivering a fourfold ($4\times$) demagnification of the periodic mask pattern at a numerical aperture approaching unity ($\mathrm{NA}_{\max} \approx 0.993$). In contrast to conventional EUV projection objectives that incorporate 6--10 aspheric mirrors with an overall optical throughput of less than $15\%$, the proposed design redirects each accepted discrete spatial diffraction order scattered by the mask onto the wafer via a dedicated pair of planar mirror facets. The number of reflections is strictly fixed at two for all accepted orders, retaining $50$--$60\%$ of the power leaving the mask in each accepted order. We derive a spatial geometry providing rigorous optical path length equalization across all diffraction orders, thereby removing order-dependent propagation phase shifts. Individually optimized 30-bilayer Bragg multilayer coatings are designed for each facet using the transfer matrix method combined with global evolutionary optimization algorithms. The architecture is generalized to a three-dimensional vector formulation with a two-dimensionally periodic mask. Utilizing inverse lithography technology, Fourier parameterization, and a differentiable electromagnetic modal waveguide solver, we solve the synthesis problem for binary absorber masks (La absorber on a Ru/Be/Sr multilayer mirror). We demonstrate simulated aerial images of sub-10-nm features on the wafer (isolated peaks with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately $5.4$~nm and line pairs with a critical dimension of $6$~nm) and find that the two peaks remain resolved for the tested wafer defocus values from $0$ to $5$~nm along the $z$-axis.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

Antimony for broadband nanophotonics across the ultraviolet, visible and infrared

Semimetal elemental antimony (Sb) nanostructures show great potential for applications where nanophotonic properties play a key role, such as phase-change optical memories, non-linear optical elements, photothermal therapy agents, photodetectors and photocatalysts. However, designing advanced Sb-based photonic devices critically requires an accurate and reliable knowledge of the optical response of bulk and nanoscale Sb. Herein, we report for the first time a fully consistent and accurately measured dielectric function for Sb nanoscale films in a wide spectral range from the ultraviolet to the far infrared (4 - 0.04 eV, i.e. ~ 0.3 - 30 $\mu$m), surpassing previous reports that explored a limited spectral range. It is found that the Sb spectral response is driven exclusively by giant interband transitions in the visible up to mid infrared (4 - 0.4 eV, i.e. ~ 0.3 - 3 $\mu$m), and that their contribution dominates over that of free carriers down to 0.12 eV (i.e. ~ 10 $\mu$m). Such spectral response enables Sb nanostructures to display spectrally selective and tunable nanophotonic resonances. First, we showcase interband plasmonic resonances in the visible-to-near infrared for Sb nanogratings. Second, we report giant refractive index dielectric resonances in the mid infrared for nanostructured Sb/dielectric/metal resonant cavities. These findings open a pathway to optimized planar Sb nanoscale designs enabling a tailored light-matter interaction, which will be useful for integrated data, telecom, medical, optoelectronic and energy conversion devices operating in a broad spectral range.

physics.optics↗