Properties of linear groups with restricted unipotent elements

Abstract

We consider linear groups which do not contain unipotent elements of infinite order, which includes all linear groups in positive characteristic, and show that this class of groups has good properties which resemble those held by groups of non positive curvature and which do not hold for arbitrary characteristic zero linear groups. In particular if such a linear group is finitely generated then centralisers virtually split and all finitely generated abelian subgroups are undistorted. If further the group is virtually torsion free (which always holds in characteristic zero) then we have a strong property on small subgroups: any subgroup either contains a non abelian free group or is finitely generated and virtually abelian, hence also undistorted. We present applications, including that the mapping class group of a surface having genus at least 3 has no faithful linear representation which is complex unitary or over any field of positive characteristic.