Critical pairing fluctuations in the normal state of a superconductor: pseudogap and quasi-particle damping

Abstract

We study the effect of critical pairing fluctuations on the electronic properties in the normal state of a clean superconductor in three dimensions. Using a functional renormalization group approach to take the non-Gaussian nature of critical fluctuations into account, we show microscopically that in the BCS regime, where the inverse coherence length is much smaller than the Fermi wavevector, critical pairing fluctuations give rise to a non-analytic contribution to the quasi-particle damping of order $ T_c \sqrt{Gi} \ln ( 80 / Gi )$, where the Ginzburg-Levanyuk number $Gi$ is a dimensionless measure for the width of the critical region. As a consequence, there is a temperature window above $T_c$ where the quasiparticle damping due to critical pairing fluctuations can be larger than the usual $T^2$-Fermi liquid damping due to non-critical scattering processes. On the other hand, in the strong coupling regime where $Gi$ is of order unity, we find that the quasiparticle damping due to critical pairing fluctuations is proportional to the temperature. Moreover, we show that in the vicinity of the critical temperature $T_c$ the electronic density of states exhibits a fluctuation-induced pseudogap. We also use functional renormalization group methods to derive and classify various types of processes induced by the pairing interaction in Fermi systems close to the superconducting instability.