Invariant Measures for TASEP with a Slow Bond

Abstract

Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) on $\mathbb{Z}$ is one of the classical exactly solvable models in the KPZ universality class. We study the "slow bond" model, where TASEP on $\mathbb{Z}$ is imputed with a slow bond at the origin. The slow bond increases the particle density immediately to its left and decreases the particle density immediately to its right. Whether or not this effect is detectable in the macroscopic current started from the step initial condition has attracted much interest over the years and this question was settled recently (Basu, Sidoravicius, Sly (2014)) by showing that the current is reduced even for arbitrarily small strength of the defect. Following non-rigorous physics arguments (Janowsky, Lebowitz (1992, 1994)) and some unpublished works by Bramson, a conjectural description of properties of invariant measures of TASEP with a slow bond at the origin was provided in Liggett's 1999 book. We establish Liggett's conjectures and in particular show that TASEP with a slow bond at the origin, started from step initial condition, converges in law to an invariant measure that is asymptotically close to product measures with different densities far away from the origin towards left and right. Our proof exploits the correspondence between TASEP and the last passage percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with exponential weights and uses the understanding of geometry of maximal paths in those models.