Characterization of Electron Pair Velocity in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\textit{$\delta $}}$ Thin Films

Abstract

The superconducting phase transition in YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-\textit{$\delta $}}$(YBCO) thin film samples doped with non-superconducting nanodot impurities of CeO$_{2}$ are the focus of recent high-temperature superconductor studies. Non-superconducting holes of the superconducting lattice induce a bound-state of circulating paired electrons. This creates a magnetic flux vortex state. Examining the flow of free-electrons shows that these quantized magnetic flux vortices arrange themselves in a self-assembled lattice. The nanodots serve to present structural properties to constrict the "creep" of these flux vorticies under a field response in the form of a pinning-force enhancing the critical current density after phase transition. In this work, a model for characterizing the superconducting phase by the work done on electron pairs and chemical potential, following the well-known theories of Superconductivity (Bardeen-Cooper-Scheifer \& Ginzburg-Landau), is formulated and tested.A solution to the expression for the magnetic flux, zero net force and pair velocity will generate a setting for the optimal deposition parameters of number density, growth geometry and mass density of these nanodot structures.