Micromechanical Analysis of Strength of Polymer Networks with Polydisperse Structures

Abstract

The effect of network chain distribution on the mechanical behavior of elastomers is one of the long-standing problems in rubber mechanics. The classical theory of rubber elasticity is built upon the assumption of entropic elasticity of networks whose constitutive strands are of uniform length. The kinetic theories for vulcanization, computer simulations, and indirect experimental measurements all indicate that the microstructure of vulcanizates is made of polymer strands with a random distribution of length. The polydispersity in strand length is expected to control the mechanical strength of rubber as the overloaded short strands break at small deformations and transfer the load to the longer strands. The purpose of the contributions presented in this thesis is to present simple theories of rubber mechanics that take into account the length distribution of strands and its effect on elasticity and the onset of bulk failure in unfilled and filled elastomers. In unfilled system, the population of short chains is identified as the culprits for damage initiation. Upon deformation of a polydisperse network, shorter strands break at considerably smaller stretches compared to the longer ones. The network alteration continues concurrent with increasing deformation and controls the onset of mechanical failure. In the filled networks, the degradation in network mechanical behavior is assumed to be controlled by the adhesive failure of the short strands adsorbed onto the filler surface. The finite extensibility of the short adsorbed strands is a key determinant of mechanical strength.