Breaking Chiral Symmetry with Microfluidics

Abstract

A robust route for the biased production of single-handed chiral structures has been found in generating non-spherical, multi-component double emulsions using microfluidics. The specific type of handedness is determined by the final packing geometry of four different inner drops inside an ultra-thin sheath of oil. Before three-dimensional chiral structures are formed, the quasi-one-dimensional chain re-arranges in two dimensions into either checkerboard or stripe patterns. We derive an analytical model predicting which pattern is more likely and assembles in the least amount of time. Moreover, our dimensionless model accurately predicts our experimental results and is based on local bending dynamics, rather than global surface energy minimization. This better reflects the underlying self-assembly process which will not, in general, reach a global energy minimum. In summary, using glass microfluidic techniques for channeling aqueous fluids through narrow orifices of multi-bore injection capillaries while encapsulating these fluids as drops inside an ultra-thin sheath of oil is sufficient to produce single-handed chiral structures.