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arXiv · 1811.02246

Theory of x-ray scattering from laser-driven electronic systems

Daria Popova-Gorelova·David A. Reis·Robin Santra
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Abstract

We describe, within the framework of quantum electrodynamics, an interaction between a non-resonant hard x-ray pulse and an electronic system in the presence of a temporally periodic laser field driving electron dynamics in this system. We apply Floquet theory to describe the laser-driven electronic system, and then obtain the scattering probability of an arbitrary nonresonant x-ray pulse from such a system employing the density-matrix formalism. We show that the scattering probability can be connected to the time-dependent electron density of the driven electronic system only under certain conditions, in particular, if the bandwidth of the probe x-ray pulse is sufficiently narrow to spectroscopically resolve transitions to different final states. A special focus is laid on application of the theory to laser-driven crystals in a strongly nonperturbative regime. We show how the time-dependent electron density of a crystal can be reconstructed from energy-resolved scattering patterns. This is illustrated by a calculation of a diffraction signal from a driven MgO crystal.

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Daria Popova-Gorelova, David A. Reis, Robin Santra. 2018-11-06. Theory of x-ray scattering from laser-driven electronic systems. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.224302

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