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arXiv · 1811.05884

A gauge-invariant, rotor Hamiltonian from dual variables of 3D U(1) gauge theory

Judah F. Unmuth-Yockey
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Abstract

We present a tensor formulation for free compact electrodynamics in three Euclidean dimensions and use this formulation to construct a quantum Hamiltonian in the continuous-time limit. Gauge-invariance is maintained at every step and the resulting Hamiltonian can be written as a rotor model. The energy eigenvalues for this Hamiltonian are computed using the tensor formulation, and compared with perturbation theory. We find good agreement between the calculations demonstrating a smooth passage from the statistical lattice Lagrangian description to the quantum Hamiltonian description.

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Judah F. Unmuth-Yockey. 2018-11-14. A gauge-invariant, rotor Hamiltonian from dual variables of 3D U(1) gauge theory. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.99.074502

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