Fully numerical electronic structure calculations on diatomic molecules in weak to strong magnetic fields

Abstract

We present fully numerical electronic structure calculations on diatomic molecules exposed to an external magnetic field at the unrestricted Hartree-Fock limit, using a modified version of a recently developed finite element program, HelFEM. We have performed benchmark calculations on a few low-lying states of H2, HeH+, LiH, BeH+, BH, and CH+ as a function of the strength of an external magnetic field parallel to the molecular axis. The employed magnetic fields are in the range of $B=[0,10]~B_0$ atomic units, where $B_0 \approx 2.35 \times 10^5$ T. We have compared the results of the fully numerical calculations to ones obtained with the LONDON code using a large uncontracted gauge-including Cartesian Gaussian (GICG) basis set with exponents adopted from the Dunning aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. By comparison to the fully numerical results, we find that the basis set truncation error in the gauge-including Gaussian basis set is of the order of 1 kcal/mol at zero field, that the truncation error grows rapidly when the strength of the magnetic field increases, and that the largest basis set truncation error at $B=10~B_0$ exceeds 1000 kcal/mol. Studies in larger Gaussian basis sets suggest that reliable results can be obtained in GICG basis sets at fields stronger than $B=B_0$, provided that a sufficient coverage of higher-angular-momentum functions is included in the basis set.