An algebraic approach to entropy plateaus in non-integer base expansions

Abstract

For a positive integer $M$ and a real base $q\in(1,M+1]$, let $\mathcal{U}_q$ denote the set of numbers having a unique expansion in base $q$ over the alphabet $\{0,1,\dots,M\}$, and let $\mathbf{U}_q$ denote the corresponding set of sequences in $\{0,1,\dots,M\}^{\mathbb{N}}$. Komornik et al. [Adv. Math. 305 (2017), 165--196] showed recently that the Hausdorff dimension of $\mathcal{U}_q$ is given by $h(\mathbf{U}_q)/\log q$, where $h(\mathbf{U}_q)$ denotes the topological entropy of $\mathbf{U}_q$. They furthermore showed that the function $H: q\mapsto h(\mathbf{U}_q)$ is continuous, nondecreasing and locally constant almost everywhere. The plateaus of $H$ were characterized by Alcaraz Barrera et al. [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 371 (2019), 3209--3258]. In this article we reinterpret the results of Alcaraz Barrera et al.~by introducing a notion of composition of fundamental words, and use this to obtain new information about the structure of the function $H$. This method furthermore leads to a more streamlined proof of their main theorem.