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arXiv · 1903.12188

Observational constraints on the merger history of galaxies since $z\approx6$: Probabilistic galaxy pair counts in the CANDELS fields

Kenneth Duncan·Christopher J. Conselice·Carl Mundy·Eric Bell·Jennifer Donley·Audrey Galametz·Yicheng Guo·Norman A. Grogin·Nimish P. Hathi·Jeyhan Kartaltepe·Dale Kocevski·Anton M. Koekemoer·Pablo G. Pérez-González·Kameswara B. Mantha·Gregory F. Snyder·Mauro Stefanon
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Abstract

Galaxy mergers are expected to have a significant role in the mass assembly of galaxies in the early Universe, but there are very few observational constraints on the merger history of galaxies at $z>2$. We present the first study of galaxy major mergers (mass ratios $>$ 1:4) in mass-selected samples out to $z\approx6$. Using all five fields of the HST/CANDELS survey and a probabilistic pair count methodology that incorporates the full photometric redshift posteriors and corrections for stellar mass completeness, we measure galaxy pair-counts for projected separations between 5 and 30 kpc in stellar mass selected samples at $9.7 < \log_{10}(\rm{M}_{*}/\rm{M}_{\odot}) < 10.3$ and $\log_{10}(\rm{M}_{*}/\rm{M}_{\odot}) > 10.3$. We find that the major merger pair fraction rises with redshift to $z\approx6$ proportional to $(1+z)^{m}$, with $m = 0.8\pm0.2$ ($m = 1.8\pm0.2$) for $\log_{10}(\rm{M}_{*} / \rm{M}_{\odot}) > 10.3$ ($9.7 < \log_{10}(\rm{M}_{*}/\rm{M}_{\odot}) < 10.3$). Investigating the pair fraction as a function of mass ratio between 1:20 and 1:1, we find no evidence for a strong evolution in the relative numbers of minor to major mergers out to $z<3$. Using evolving merger timescales we find that the merger rate per galaxy ($\mathcal{R}$) rises rapidly from $0.07\pm 0.01$ Gyr$^{-1}$ at $z < 1$ to $7.6\pm 2.7$ Gyr$^{-1}$ at $z = 6$ for galaxies at $\log_{10}(\rm{M}_{*}/\rm{M}_{\odot}) > 10.3$. The corresponding co-moving major merger rate density remains roughly constant during this time, with rates of $\Gamma \approx 10^{-4}$ Gyr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$. Based on the observed merger rates per galaxy, we infer specific mass accretion rates from major mergers that are comparable to the specific star-formation rates for the same mass galaxies at $z>3$ - observational evidence that mergers are as important a mechanism for building up mass at high redshift as in-situ star-formation.

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Kenneth Duncan, Christopher J. Conselice, Carl Mundy, Eric Bell, Jennifer Donley, Audrey Galametz, Yicheng Guo, Norman A. Grogin, Nimish P. Hathi, Jeyhan Kartaltepe, Dale Kocevski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Kameswara B. Mantha, Gregory F. Snyder, Mauro Stefanon. 2019-03-28. Observational constraints on the merger history of galaxies since $z\approx6$: Probabilistic galaxy pair counts in the CANDELS fields. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357%2Fab148a

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