Parameterized Pre-coloring Extension and List Coloring Problems

Abstract

Golovach, Paulusma and Song (Inf. Comput. 2014) asked to determine the parameterized complexity of the following problems parameterized by $k$: (1) Given a graph $G$, a clique modulator $D$ (a clique modulator is a set of vertices, whose removal results in a clique) of size $k$ for $G$, and a list $L(v)$ of colors for every $v\in V(G)$, decide whether $G$ has a proper list coloring; (2) Given a graph $G$, a clique modulator $D$ of size $k$ for $G$, and a pre-coloring $\lambda_P: X \rightarrow Q$ for $X \subseteq V(G),$ decide whether $\lambda_P$ can be extended to a proper coloring of $G$ using only colors from $Q.$ For Problem 1 we design an $O^*(2^k)$-time randomized algorithm and for Problem 2 we obtain a kernel with at most $3k$ vertices. Banik et al. (IWOCA 2019) proved the the following problem is fixed-parameter tractable and asked whether it admits a polynomial kernel: Given a graph $G$, an integer $k$, and a list $L(v)$ of exactly $n-k$ colors for every $v \in V(G),$ decide whether there is a proper list coloring for $G.$ We obtain a kernel with $O(k^2)$ vertices and colors and a compression to a variation of the problem with $O(k)$ vertices and $O(k^2)$ colors.