Conformally symmetric traversable wormholes in $f(R,T)$ gravity

Abstract

To find more deliberate $f(R, T)$ astrophysical solutions, we proceed by studying wormhole geometries under the assumption of spherical symmetry and the existence of a conformal Killing symmetry to attain the more acceptable astrophysical results. To do this, we consider a more plausible and simple model $f(R,T)=R+2\chi T$, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T= -\rho+p_r+2p_t$ denotes the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the matter content. We explore and analyze two cases separately. In the first part, wormhole solutions are constructed for the matter sources with isotropic pressure. However, the obtained solution does not satisfy the required wormhole conditions. In the second part, we introduce an EoS relating with pressure (radial and lateral) and density. We constrain the models with phantom energy EoS i.e. $\omega= p_r/ \rho < -1$, consequently violating the null energy condition. Next, we analyze the model via $p_t= n p_r $. Several physical properties and characteristics of these solutions are investigated which are consistent with previous references about wormholes. We mainly focus on energy conditions (NEC, WEC and SEC) and consequently for supporting the respective wormhole geometries in details. In both cases it is found that the energy density is positive as seen by any static observer. To support the theoretical results, we also plotted several figures for different parameter values of the model that helps us to confirm the predictions. Finally, the volume integral quantifier, which provides useful information about the total amount of exotic matter required to maintain a traversable wormhole is discussed briefly.