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arXiv · 1909.06377

Non-equilibrium steady states in quantum critical systems with Lifshitz scaling

Daniel Fernandez·Aruna Rajagopal·Larus Thorlacius
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Abstract

We study out-of-equilibrium energy transport in a quantum critical fluid with Lifshitz scaling symmetry following a local quench between two semi-infinite fluid reservoirs. The late time energy flow is universal and is accommodated via a steady state occupying an expanding central region between outgoing shock and rarefaction waves. We consider the admissibility and entropy conditions for the formation of such a non-equilibrium steady state for a general dynamical critical exponent z in arbitrary dimensions and solve the associated Riemann problem. The Lifshitz fluid with z=2 can be obtained from a Galilean boost invariant field theory and the non-equilibrium steady state is identified as a boosted thermal state. A Lifshitz fluid with generic z is scale invariant but without boost symmetry and in this case the non-equilibrium steady state is genuinely non-thermal.

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Daniel Fernandez, Aruna Rajagopal, Larus Thorlacius. 2019-09-13. Non-equilibrium steady states in quantum critical systems with Lifshitz scaling. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2019)115

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