The viability of the 3+1 neutrino model in the supernova neutrino process

Abstract

Adopting the 3+1 neutrino mixing parameters by the IceCube and shortbase line experiments, we investigate the sterile-active neutrino oscillation effects on the supernova neutrino process. For the sterile neutrino ($ν_s$), we study two different luminosity models. First, we presume that the $ν_s$ does not interact with other particles through the standard interactions apart from the oscillation with the active neutrinos. Second, we consider that $ν_s$ can be directly produced by $ν_e$ scattering with matter. In both cases, we find that the pattern of neutrino oscillations can be changed drastically by the $ν_s$ in supernova environments. Especially multiple resonances occur, and consequently affect thermal neutrino-induced reaction rates. As a result, $^7$Li, $^7$Be, $^{11}$B, $^{11}$C, $^{92}$Nb, $^{98}$Tc and $^{138}$La yields in the $ν$-process are changed. Among those nuclei, $^7$Li and $^{11}$B yields can be constrained by the analysis of observed SiC X grains. Based on the meteoritic data, we conclude that the second model can be allowed while first model is excluded. The viability of the second model depends on the sterile neutrino temperature and the neutrino mass hierarchy.