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arXiv · 1910.10158

An Extremely Massive Quiescent Galaxy at $z=3.493$: Evidence of Insufficiently Rapid Quenching Mechanisms in Theoretical Models

Ben Forrest·Marianna Annunziatella·Gillian Wilson·Danilo Marchesini·Adam Muzzin·M. C. Cooper·Z. Cemile Marsan·Ian McConachie·Jeffrey C. C. Chan·Percy Gomez·Erin Kado-Fong·Francesco La Barbera·Ivo Labbé·Daniel Lange-Vagle·Julie Nantais·Mario Nonino·Theodore Peña·Paolo Saracco·Mauro Stefanon·Remco F. J. van der Burg
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Abstract

We present spectra of the most massive quiescent galaxy yet discovered at $z>3$, spectroscopically confirmed via the detection of Balmer absorption features in the $H-$ and $K-$bands of Keck/MOSFIRE. The spectra confirm a galaxy with no significant ongoing star formation, consistent with the lack of rest-frame UV flux and overall photometric spectral energy distribution. With a stellar mass of $3.1^{+0.1}_{-0.2} \times 10^{11} ~\rm{M}_\odot$ at $z = 3.493$, this galaxy is nearly three times more massive than the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed absorption-line identified galaxy known. The star-formation history of this quiescent galaxy implies that it formed $>1000 ~\rm{M}_\odot$/yr for almost 0.5 Gyr beginning at $z\sim7.2$, strongly suggestive that it is the descendant of massive dusty star-forming galaxies at $5<z<7$ recently observed with ALMA. While galaxies with similarly extreme stellar masses are reproduced in some simulations at early times, such a lack of ongoing star formation is not seen there. This suggests the need for a more rapid quenching process than is currently prescribed, challenging our current understanding of how ultra-massive galaxies form and evolve in the early Universe.

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Ben Forrest, Marianna Annunziatella, Gillian Wilson, Danilo Marchesini, Adam Muzzin, M. C. Cooper, Z. Cemile Marsan, Ian McConachie, Jeffrey C. C. Chan, Percy Gomez, Erin Kado-Fong, Francesco La Barbera, Ivo Labbé, Daniel Lange-Vagle, Julie Nantais, Mario Nonino, Theodore Peña, Paolo Saracco, Mauro Stefanon, Remco F. J. van der Burg. 2019-10-22. An Extremely Massive Quiescent Galaxy at $z=3.493$: Evidence of Insufficiently Rapid Quenching Mechanisms in Theoretical Models. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213%2Fab5b9f

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