Highly nonlinear trion-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor

R. P. A. Emmanuele; M. Sich; O. Kyriienko; V. Shahnazaryan; F. Withers; A. Catanzaro; P. M. Walker; F. A. Benimetskiy; M. S. Skolnick; A. I. Tartakovskii; I. A. Shelykh; D. N. Krizhanovskii

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17340-z

arXiv · 1910.14636

Highly nonlinear trion-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor

R. P. A. Emmanuele·M. Sich·O. Kyriienko·V. Shahnazaryan·F. Withers·A. Catanzaro·P. M. Walker·F. A. Benimetskiy·M. S. Skolnick·A. I. Tartakovskii·I. A. Shelykh·D. N. Krizhanovskii

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Abstract

Highly nonlinear optical materials with strong effective photon-photon interactions (Kerr-like nonlinearity) are required in the development of novel quantum sources of light as well as for ultrafast and quantum optical signal processing circuitry. Here we report very large Kerr-like nonlinearities by employing strong optical transitions of charged excitons (trions) observed in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). By hybridising trions in monolayer MoSe$_2$ at low electron densities with a microcavity mode, we realise trion-polaritons exhibiting significant energy shifts at very small photon fluxes due to phase space filling. Most notably, the strong trion-polariton nonlinearity is found to be 10 to 1000 larger than in other polariton systems, including neutral exciton-polaritons in TMDCs. Furthermore it exceeds by factors of $\sim 10^3-10^5$ the magnitude of Kerr nonlinearity in bare TMDCs, graphene and other widely used optical materials (e.g. Si, AlGaAs etc) in weak light-matter coupling regimes. The results are in good agreement with a theory which accounts for the composite nature of excitons and trions and deviation of their statistics from that of ideal bosons and fermions. This work opens a new highly nonlinear system for quantum optics applications enabling in principle scalability and control through nano-engineering of van der Waals heterostructures.

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R. P. A. Emmanuele, M. Sich, O. Kyriienko, V. Shahnazaryan, F. Withers, A. Catanzaro, P. M. Walker, F. A. Benimetskiy, M. S. Skolnick, A. I. Tartakovskii, I. A. Shelykh, D. N. Krizhanovskii. 2019-10-31. Highly nonlinear trion-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17340-z

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