Real and symmetric matrices

Abstract

We construct a family of involutions on the space $\mathfrak{gl}_n'(\mathbb C)$ of $n\times n$ matrices with real eigenvalues interpolating the complex conjugation and the transpose. We deduce from it a stratified homeomorphism between the space of $n\times n$ real matrices with real eigenvalues and the space of $n\times n$ symmetric matrices with real eigenvalues, which restricts to a real analytic isomorphism between individual $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb R)$-adjoint orbits and $\mathrm{O}_n(\mathbb C)$-adjoint orbits. We also establish similar results in more general settings of Lie algebras of classical types and quiver varieties. To this end, we prove a general result about involutions on hyper-K\"ahler quotients of linear spaces. We provide applications to the (generalized) Kostant-Sekiguchi correspondence, singularities of real and symmetric adjoint orbit closures, and Springer theory for real groups and symmetric spaces.