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arXiv · 2007.00726

Virtual Hawking Radiation

Walter D. Goldberger·Ira Z. Rothstein
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Abstract

We consider the effects of off-shell Hawking radiation on scattering processes involving black holes coupled to quantum fields. The focus here is to the case of gravitational scattering of a scalar field mediated by the exchange of virtual Hawking gravitons from a four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole. Our result is obtained in the context of a worldline effective field theory for the black hole, and is valid in the semi-classical limit where the Schwarzschild radius $r_s$ is larger than the Planck length $1/m_{Pl}$. In addition, we assume that four-momentum exchange $q$ is smaller than $r_s^{-1}$ and that the incoming particle has energy larger then the black hole's Hawking temperature. The inelastic cross section we obtain is a new, leading order quantum gravity effect, arising at the same order in $q^2/m_{Pl}^2$ as the well understood one-loop graviton vacuum polarization corrections to gravitational scattering between massive particles.

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Walter D. Goldberger, Ira Z. Rothstein. 2020-07-01. Virtual Hawking Radiation. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.211301

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