Projectile Transverse Momentum Controls Emission in Electron Vortex Ionization Collisions

Abstract

The realization of electron vortex beams in the past decade has led to numerous proposed applications in fields from electron microscopy to control and manipulation of individual molecules. Yet despite the many unique characteristics and promising advantages of electron vortex beams, such as transverse momentum and quantized orbital angular momentum, there remains a limited understanding of their fundamental interactions with matter at the atomic scale. Collisions between electron vortex projectiles and atomic targets can provide some insight into these interactions and we present here fully differential cross sections for ionization of excited state atomic hydrogen targets using electron vortex projectiles. We show that the projectile's transverse momentum causes the ionized electron angular distributions to be altered compared to non-vortex projectiles and that the ionized electron's ejection angle can be controlled by adjustment of the vortex opening angle, a feature unique to vortex projectiles. Additionally, an inherent uncertainty in the projectile's momentum transfer leads to a broadening of the classical binary peak, making signatures of the target electron density more readily observable. Fully differential cross sections for aligned 2p targets exhibit structures that can be used to determine the alignment.