Isochronous $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators: linearizability, invariance and exact solvability

Abstract

Within the standard Lagrangian settings (i.e., the difference between kinetic and potential energies), we discuss and report isochronicity, linearizability and exact solubility of some $n$-dimensional nonlinear position-dependent mass (PDM) oscillators. In the process, negative the gradient of the PDM-potential force field is shown to be no longer related to the time derivative of the canonical momentum, $\mathbf{p}% =m\left( r\right) \mathbf{\dot{r}}$, but it is rather related to the time derivative of the pseudo-momentum, $\mathbf{\pi }\left( r\right) =\sqrt{% m\left( r\right) }\mathbf{\dot{r}}$ (i.e., Noether momentum). Moreover, using some point transformation recipe, we show that the linearizability of the $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators is only possible for $n=1$ but not for $n\geq 2$. The Euler-Lagrange invariance falls short/incomplete for $n\geq 2$ under PDM settings. Alternative invariances are sought, therefore. Such invariances, like \emph{Newtonian invariance} of Mustafa \cite{42}, effectively authorize the use of the exact solutions of one system to find the solutions of the other. A sample of isochronous $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators examples are reported.