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arXiv · 2101.06988

Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes

Qi-Xin Xie·Paul M. Saffin·Shuang-Yong Zhou
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Abstract

For scalar theories accommodating spherically symmetric Q-balls, there are also towers of quasi-stable composite Q-balls, called charge swapping Q-balls (CSQs). We investigate the properties, particularly the lifetimes, of these long-lived CSQs in 2+1D and 3+1D using numerical simulations with efficient second order absorbing boundary conditions. We find that the evolution of a CSQ typically consists of 4 distinct stages: initial relaxation, first plateau (CSQ stage), fast decay and second plateau (oscillon stage). We chart the lifetimes of CSQs for different parameters of the initial conditions and of the potential, and show the attractor behavior and other properties of the CSQs.

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Qi-Xin Xie, Paul M. Saffin, Shuang-Yong Zhou. 2021-01-18. Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2021)062

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