Statics and Dynamics of Space-Charge-Layers in Polarized Inorganic Solid Electrolytes

Abstract

The quest for safe high-energy batteries with "5V-class" cathodes and lithium metal anodes drives research into solid electrolytes. However, reasons for the large charge transfer resistances -- the major bottleneck of all-solid-state batteries -- are still debated. In this article, we explore the processes in incompressible solid electrolytes between blocking electrodes by theory-based continuum modeling and numerical simulations. We investigate the experimentally observed wide space-charge-zones in solid electrolytes, which are a possible cause for the high interfacial resistances. On time scales relevant for battery applications, we reduce our model equations. Analytic and numeric calculations predict and study the actual structure of space-charge-layers in solid electrolytes. To illustrate these dynamics and validate our model, computational results are presented and compared with experimental observations. Analog to semiconductors, we determine the material dependent, asymmetric space-charge-layer width in the low temperature limit approximately. This allows us to make an explicit statement about the influence of defect concentrations and dielectric properties on the width of the space-charge-layers in homogeneous solid electrolytes.